Granulation and Heat Recovery from Metallurgical Slags
Metallurgical slags are produced at a massive rate of over 750 Mt/year, and carry a thermal energy equivalent to 40 Mt/year of coal. The potential mineral and thermal energy values of slags are in the order of $22 b and $3–6 b per year. Such attractive figures, together with tightening legislation on disposal of slag and the carbon footprint …
Research Progress on Controlled Low-Strength Materials: …
This strategy did not lead to a copper slag pozzolanic reaction in an alkaline environment without cement hydration. Hence, it is suggested that copper slag should be used in combination with cement to improve its pozzolanic activity. Copper slag has conductive characteristics because the content of Fe 2 O 3 in copper slag is very high …
What kind of crusher is needed to process electric furnace slag?
Electric furnace slag is a solid waste discharged from the process of metal smelting by electric furnace, and its main components are oxides such as calcium, iron, copper, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, and phosphorus. The common ones are steel-making electric slag and copper-smelting electric slag.
Ferronickel | SpringerLink
After drying and desulfurization, the copper–nickel sulfide concentrate is sent to the electric furnace (or blast furnace) for smelting, so that the oxide of copper and nickel is transformed into sulfide to produce low Ni-matte (copper–nickel matte). ... After crushing the high-nickel matte, it should be finely ground. Flotation and ...
Review on Comprehensive Recovery Valuable Metals and
Copper slag, a waste solid produced in the copper smelting process, is a high-quality secondary resource with huge output. The recycling and utilization of copper slag is of great interest because it avoids the loss of valuable metals and the threat of harmful metals, and saves a lot of natural resources and energy. This paper firstly …
Application of steel slags, ferronickel slags, and copper mining …
The slag's specific gravity and hardness depend on the iron oxide content within the sample, whereas, much like ferronickel slag, copper slag has a large iron …
Co-treatment of Waste From Steelmaking Processes: Steel Slag …
The iron and steel industry is an energy-intensive sector, and large amounts of waste/ by-products are generated during the steelmaking process, such as CO2, metallurgical slag, and wastewater. Enhancing the development and deployment of treating waste from the steelmaking process will be environment friendly and resource-saving. Capturing CO2 by …
12.3 Primary Copper Smelting
Slag produced by flash furnace operations contains significantly higher amounts of copper than reverberatory or electric furnaces. Flash furnace slag is treated in a slag cleaning …
Processing of Complex Materials in the Copper Industry: …
Copper Content in Ores and Concentrates. A global copper mine-by-mine review undertaken by ICSG found that the global average copper ore grade was as low as 0.45% copper in reported reserves and only 0.65% copper in 2015 copper mine production. Global weighted average of copper concentrate output in a large sample of …
Recycled Smelter Slags for In Situ and Ex Situ Water and
Slag, a byproduct of metallurgical smelting processes, is a mixture of metal oxides, silicon dioxide, and different compounds [1,2,3,4,5].It is produced from raw ore combustion or the extraction of specific minerals from smelting materials [1,5].Huge quantities of slags (1868.8 million tonnes of global steel production in 2019–2020) are …
What is a Slag Crusher Machine and How Does it Work?
Slag Crusher Machines play a critical role in the steel recycling process by crushing and processing slag, a byproduct of steel production. These machines help to reduce waste and environmental impact, while also recovering valuable materials that can be reused in new steel production. In conclusion, Slag Crusher Machines are an …
Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper
The mining industry has faced significant challenges to maintaining copper production technically, economically, and environmentally viable. Some of the major limitations that must be overcome in the coming years are the copper ore grade decline due to its intense exploitation, the increasing requirements for environmental protection, and …
Recovery of Valuable Metals from Nickel Smelting Slag Based on …
Nickel smelting slag contains valuable metals including nickel and copper. Failure to recycle these metals wastes resources, and disposal of nickel slag in stockpiles results in environmental pollution. Nickel slag recycling is important, and metals can be recovered from slag by flotation. However, considering the complex forms in which …
Use of steel slag as sustainable construction materials: A review …
Depending on the production process, three main groups of materials are generated: basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF), electric arc furnace slag (EAF), and ladle furnace slag (LF) [83], implying that ...
Copper Mining and Processing: Processing Copper Ores
The copper concentrate is first sent through the smelting furnace to be heated up to 2,300 °F and converted into molten liquid. The heated liquid is poured into a slag-settling furnace. This step produces a combination of matte, a mixture of copper, sulfur and iron, and slag, a dense, glassy material made of iron, silica, and other impurities.
Steel Slag
Steel slags. Carlos Thomas, ... Francisco Agrela, in New Trends in Eco-efficient and Recycled Concrete, 2019. 7.1.2 Types and classification of steel slags. Steel slags (SSs) are usually classified according to the type of furnace in which they are produced. The properties of the slag depend on the type of process used to produce the crude steel, …
An Overview of Recovery of Metals from Slags
Entrained copper can be recovered via pyrometallurgical slag cleaning in a settling furnace, where the slag viscosity and copper droplet size distribution (CDSD) are critical parameters.
Process to utilize crushed steel slag in cement industry directly
To improve the utilization efficiency of steel slag in cement industry, cement clinkers are prepared by simulated multi-phased clinker sintering technology with crushed steel slag (without grinding). The results show that after high temperature treatment, the inert components and tough phases of steel slag such as iron phase, …
BACKGROUND REPORT PRIMARY COPPER SMELTING …
Copper is mined from a variety of ores, often copper is typically in the form of mineral facilitate transportation to smelters, concentration accomplished at the mine sites via …
Materials | Free Full-Text | Research and Development of Novel …
This study investigates the corrosion mechanism on 100 wt.% MgO and 95 wt.% MgO with 5 wt.% nano-ZrO2 ceramic composites. First, MgO powder and powder mixtures (MgO + nano ZrO2) were uniaxially and isostatically pressed; then, they were sintered at 1650 °C. Corrosion by copper slag was studied in sintered samples. Physical …
Effect of Slag Properties on Copper Loss in Copper Slag
2.1.1 Copper Slag. Smelting copper slag produced by bottom blowing furnace is commonly used the local copper industry and is the material of study in this research. After crushing and grinding, a representative sample was …
Minimization of Copper Losses in Copper Smelting Slag …
The electric furnace or rotary slag-cleaning furnace are now generally used to perform this task, giving a level of copper in dis- card slag typically in the range of 0.55 wt.% and 1.3 …
A new technological approach to the granulation of slag melts of
The technological factors required to improve the operational properties of granulated metallurgical slags demanded in the building industry have been analyzed. In order to satisfy these factors, a new technology for hydro-vacuum granulation of slag melts (HVG) has been developed. It is shown that the main advantage of the proposed HVG …
Comparison of environmental performance of modern copper …
The typical process steps in the pyrometallurgical processing are smelting, converting, fire-refining and anode casting followed by tankhouse electrorefining to …
BACKGROUND REPORT SECONDARY COPPER …
Smelting of low-grade copper scrap begins with melting in either a blast or a rotary furnace, resulting in slag and impure copper. If a blast furnace is used, this copper is charged to a converter, where the purity is increased to about 80 to 90 percent, and then to a reverberatory furnace, where copper of about 99 percent purity is achieved.
Hydrometallurgical smelter dust treatment
Impurity metal removal and copper recovery can be done, for example, by leaching the flash smelting furnace boiler, converting furnace boiler, and ESP flue dust. Impure wash acid and acidic …
Copper Slag-Sustainable Mold Material for Non-ferrous Foundries …
The evaluation of mold properties is crucial in the foundry industry to ensure efficient and high-quality casting production. This study focuses on the assessment of mold properties using silica sand, copper slag, and their mixture as molding materials in the sodium silicate, CO2 (carbon dioxide) chemical binder process. The properties …
Potential environmental pollution from copper
Copper production is complex and multi-stage: it involves mining, crushing, milling, ore concentration, smelting, refining and waste management. The metal ore mining industry, including copper, generates over 10 billion tonnes of slags, dusts and aerosols as by-products, which are contaminated with metals and metalloids, including toxic ones ...
High-temperature modification and air-quenching granulation of steel slag
2.1 Materials. Lack of the conditions of direct air-quenching of liquid steel slag, this experiment uses cooled steel slag as the raw materials (as shown in Fig. 1), which are firstly re-melted in a small DC arc furnace and then used for the air-quenching process.The raw materials in this experiment are untreated converter steel slag and water-quenched …
Process Concept for the Dry Recovery of Thermal Energy of …
The thermal recuperation efficiencies with the demonstrator were quantified for blast furnace slag to be 42% while producing > 95 Vol% vitreous blast furnace slag cullets. 3. The milling energy for such slag cullets was quantified to be 9 kWh/t. 4. Utilization of thermal energy might be best accomplished by interlinking processes, e.g., a.