Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process
Introduction: Antimony xide (Sb2O3) is a synergist in flame retardants, a catalyst in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production, and a material used in various industrial process and ...
Antimony xide
Antimony xide is produced from the reaction of antimony trichloride (SbCl3) with water, direct combination of metallic antimony with air or oxygen, roasting of antimony …
Antimony xide and Antimony Trisulfide
Antimony xide is produced from stibnite ores (antimony trisulfide) or as a by-product of lead smelting and production. It is used mainly in fire-retardant formulations for plastics, …
ANTIMONY XIDE | Ataman Chemicals
Antimony xide Production and properties of Antimony xide Global production of Antimony xide in 2012 was 130,000 tonnes, an increase from 112,600 tonnes in 2002. ... in industrial production with other oxides mostly being the transition product of various kinds of antimony production process. Antimony xide (Sb2O3, Mr291.50) is a ...
ANTIMONY XIDE
ANTIMONY XIDE. CAS number: . Synonyms: Antimony (III) oxide; Antimony sesquioxide; Antimonous oxide; Flowers of Antimony; Oxo – oxostibanyloxystibane Molecular formula: Sb 2 O 3. Chemical structure:
Effect of antimony catalyst on solid-state
First, a moderately high molecular weight prepolymer is produced by a melt polymerization process. The prepolymer is then solid-state polymerized to the molecular weight required for the end-use application. It is well known that the existing polycondensation catalyst (normally antimony xide) in the prepolymer remains …
Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony
In the plastics industry, antimony xide (Sb 2 O 3) is used as a catalyst in polyethylene terephthalate production (PET); consequently, ... The plastics used in food packaging are manufactured by the same process used for water bottle manufacturing and are therefore prone to contaminating packaged food with antimony, ...
Antimony xide
Antimony xide has an oral LD50 in rats of >20,000 mg kg −1. The relatively low toxicity of this compound is due to its extremely low solubility in water. Mouse intraperitoneal LD 50 = 172 mg kg −1. Studies where cats and dogs were exposed orally to ATO at 100 mg kg −1 showed no toxic effects; however, animal studies done on acute ...
Antimony Metallurgy | SpringerLink
In 1986, China developed the chlorination–hydrolysis process that directly uses antimony sulfide ore to produce antimony xide (antimony white). The grade …
Antimony xide
Minimize your exposure to dust, which may contain antimony xide. Wash your hands and your child's hands frequently, especially before preparing food, and before eating. Clean your floors regularly. If possible, use a wet mop or vacuum cleaner with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. Dust regularly, using a damp cloth.
Antimony – Two Sisters Ecotextiles
Antimony is present in 80 – 85% of all PET. Antimony is a carcinogen, and toxic to the heart, lungs, liver and skin. Long term inhalation causes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The industry will say that although antimony is used as a catalyst in the production process, it is "locked" into the finished polymer, and not a concern ...
Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial …
Article 19 February 2023 A Review on Recycling Technologies and Product Life Cycle Issues of Zinc and Lead Chapter © 2020 Selection on the Process for …
Antimony xide and Antimony Trisulfide
(a) Production. Antimony xide is typically produced by roasting stibnite ores, which are reported to contain 55% antimony. The production of antimony xide occurs as a vapour-phase reaction at temperatures in excess of 1550°C. The stoichiometric addition of oxygen to the feed ore produces the desired product.
Features of Antimony xide as Catalysts | Nihon Seiko Co., Ltd.
Antimony compounds are excellent catalysts to accelerate the polymerization in polyester manufacturing. Antimony xide is the most widely used polymerization catalyst in both domestic and overseas markets in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)from ethylene glycol(EG)and high purity terephthalic acid(TPA), or dimethyl terephthalete(DMT).
Occupational exposure to antimony xide: a risk assessment
INTRODUCTION. Antimony xide is a high-production-volume, inorganic chemical that is produced from the metalloid element antimony. It accounts for 80% of total antimony in the USA used in the manufacturing of various consumer products. 1 Human exposure to antimony xide occurs through ambient air, consumer products and workplace …
ANTIMONY OXIDE LISTING BACKGROUND
The chemical formula for antimony (III) oxide, also known as antimony xide, is Sb 2 O 3. In pure form, it is a white powder and has a molecular weight of 291.52 g/mol. It has a melting point of ... 2.1 PRODUCTION PROCESS DESCRIPTION Antimony oxide can be prepared using one of two processes: the direct and the indirect. In this
Antimony
Arizona), as well as Alaska. Despite the history of U.S. antimony production for domestic use, environmental and ... process a major portion of the world's antimony, China's downward trend in mining antimony production has not ... Antimony is primarily processed into antimony xide (HTS 2825.80.0000), the commonly traded form of …
Antimony Sulfide
Antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3, stibnite) is a semiconductor nanomaterial with orthorhombic crystal structure [1, 2].It has outstanding properties and potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices [75].One attractive property of Sb 2 S 3 is the crystal structure, which consists of double (Sb 4 S 6) n ribbon units linked through van der Waals forces in …
Occurrence and fate of antimony in plastics
Antimony (Sb) is a technology critical element whose presence is ubiquitous in manufactured products, and in particular in plastics where it is used extensively as a flame retardant synergist for brominated compounds, as a catalyst for polyethylene terephthalate production, and as a pigment for colour. This study reviews the usage, regulations ...
Selective removal of arsenic from crude antimony xide by leaching
The presence of arsenic (As) in crude antimony xide (Sb 2 O 3) impedes the Sb recovery and results in an environmental issue.Selective As removal from crude antimony xide would therefore enable using this residue in commercial Sb 2 O 3 production. This work uses a nitric acid leaching method to remove As from crude …
Antimony xide Market 2022 by Global Key Players, Types
Antimony xide is one of the prominent commercial compound of antimony. Antimony xide is amphoteric in nature and is soluble in acids. Generally antimony xide manufacturing process ...
Human Exposure
Antimony xide is used to make various products and may change forms during the manufacturing of those products (see Section 2.1.2) The life cycle for antimony and antimony (III) xide often ends at disposal as waste during either production …
Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022
Prepared by Kateryna Klochko [(703) 648–4977, [email protected]] ANTIMONY (Data in metric tons of contained antimony unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2021, no marketable antimony was mined in the United States. A mine in Nevada that had extracted about 800 tons of stibnite ore from 2013 through 2014 was placed on care …
Dissimilatory Antimonate Reduction and Production of Antimony xide
Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid that has been exploited by humans since the beginning of modern civilization. The importance of Sb to such diverse industries as nanotechnology and health is underscored by the fact that it is currently the ninth-most mined metal worldwide. Although its toxicity mirrors that of its Group 15 neighbor arsenic, …
A novel production method of antimony xide from stibnite
Tang and Jin (2007) have studied the production of antimony xide from antimony concentrate bearing high copper by pyrochemical process (1150–1350 °C) in a blast furnace, wherein the formation of antimony xide was facilitated through volatilization. Inevitably, the pyrochemical process is a severe source of environmental …
Dissimilatory Antimonate Reduction and Production of Antimony …
This report provides the first unequivocal evidence that a bacterium is capable of conserving energy for growth and reproduction from the reduction of antimonate. …
Antimony and PET bottles: Checking facts
Antimony has been associated in the public eye with bottled water following the publication of articles by Shotyk and co-workers (Shotyk et al., 2006; Shotyk; Krachler, 2007) where these authors reported significant concentrations of antimony in bottled waters and linked them to the use of antimony in the production of PET bottles. Antimony ...
Method for producing antimony trisulfide
A method for producing antimony trisulfide is developed, in which the resultant antimony trisulfide contains impurities, i.e., lead, arsenic and crystalline silica, in a relatively low amount, and by which it becomes possible to produce antimony trisulfide at low cost. An antimony xide powder and sulfur are introduced into a reaction vessel, and …
MonogRaph on antiMony xide
Table 2-1. U.S. Antimony(III) xide and Antimony Compound Production Volumes for 2015 Exceeding 1 Million Pounds per Year Ranked by Quantity .....21 Table a2-2. U.S. Imports and Exports of Antimony Metal and Compounds for 2016 .....21 Table 2-3. Air Levels and Urine Levels of Total Antimony in Workers Occupationally
Rising Adoption of Antimony xide as Flame Retardant and a …
Antimony xide is an organic chemical compound, It can be found in nature in the form of minerals senarmontite and valentinite. Antimony xide is one of the prominent commercial compound of antimony. Antimony xide is amphoteric in nature and is soluble in acids. Generally antimony xide manufacturing process follows …