Treatment and purification of PG waste
The production of ammonium sulfate has significant applications, especially in agriculture. It is used as a source of nitrogen and sulfur for plant nutrition. ... The authors propose converting this waste into ammonium sulfate by the process called Merseburg (Ammonia-carbonation) [120, 121]. Recently, based on this process, a study has been ...
Study on the kinetics of the conversion of Moroccan
During the conversion process, the transfer factor of trace metals into the precipitated CaCO 3 is high, approximately 90%. Hence, sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate were obtained with high purity. Divalent metals such as Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Zn can be easily incorporated into the precipitate because of adsorption on the precipitated …
The Role of the Merseburg Process in Industrial …
The Role of the Merseburg Process in Industrial Decarbonisation and Waste..., Kem. Ind. 71 (9-10) (2022) 633−638 633 ... process, the produced ammonium sulphate is among the
Revisiting the Merseburg Process: Economic Opportunity and
The process for manufacture of ammonium sulfate from gypsum, known as the Merseburg Process, named for the town in Germany where it was developed, has been …
Average pH during modified Merseburg reaction
The phosphogypsum was converted to saleable ammonium sulphate and precipitated calcium carbonate in a modified Merseburg process. The heat from the ammonium carbonate formation exothermicity ...
Process Review on Ammono-Carbonation Reactions: …
1 shows a simplified process flow diagram for the Merseburg process. The products of Merseburg process are industrially applicable and have their individual economic value. Ammonium sulfate is a widely used nitrogenous fertilizer, and projections show that the global consumption growth around 2050 is estimated to
Red gypsum utilization and acidic wastewater treatment
It is often called the Merseburg process that the production of ammonium sulfate by gypsum. And there have been some researches on the conversion of waste …
Focusing on the Merseburg process: benefits on industrial
In this manner, the Merseburg process (the ammono-carbonation of gypsum) allows both CO2 capture and PG recycling. Products are ammonium sulfate, a …
Mass-balance results of the proposed ammonia production process
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of wet process phosphoric acid production, mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) together with some impurities. The annual accumulation rate of ...
Ammonium Sulphate | SpringerLink
Pure ammonium sulphate contains 21.2% of nitrogen (compared with 16.5% of nitrogen in sodium nitrate ). It was available as a white powder or in crystalline form, of low hygroscopicity. Ammonium sulphate was a source of both nitrogen and sulphur; its chemical stability was well suited to long distance transportation and storage.
The Role of the Merseburg Process in Industrial …
The Merseburg process is also known as the ammonia-car - bonation reaction, and was first developed in Germany between 1913 and 1918. In 1923, production started in the United Kingdom and Korea. The first plant to use PG in the Merseburg process in 1942 was in Selzeate, France. In the 1950s and 1960s, plants in Germany, India, Pakistan,
Capture and storage of CO2 into waste phosphogypsum: the …
ammonium sulphate produced was in the range 1.2–3.3 mm. They also estimated that a compaction unit to produce granules of ammonium sulphate as usually required by the fertiliser industry would make the process uneconomical. In this study, we carried out a bench scale technical fea-sibility of the Merseburg process modified by omitting the CO
Applying Evaporators & Crystallizers to Fertilizer Production
Reactive crystallization: This is a process where two species are mixed together resulting in a chemical reaction to form a crystalline product. This type of crystallization is used to make ammonium sulfate from ammonia (either gaseous or liquid) and sulphuric acid, or MAP / DAP by reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid.
Kinetics of the conversion reaction of gypsum with ammonium …
Moreover, as aforementioned, ammonium sulfate is more desired product today than in the past, which positively influences its price. The latter together with capture and storage of CO 2 are reasons for a continuous interest for improvements and modifications of the Merseburg process; see papers published recently: Azdarpour et …
Temperature profile of ammonium carbonate formation in the …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of wet process phosphoric acid production, mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) together with some impurities. The annual accumulation rate of ...
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum.
83% and a purity of up to 99% for the ammonium sulfate production was achieved. The laboratory tests results indicate that high quality ammonium sulfate can be produced from the FGD-gypsum obtained from the Abbott power plant. Based on historical use of the Merseburg process and studies conducted by the Tennessee
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough …
Capture and storage of CO2 into waste phosphogypsum: the …
Chou et al. (1996) concluded that the Merseburg process was also economically viable, although the crystal size of ammonium sulphate produced was in the range 1.2–3.3
Capture and storage of CO2 into waste phosphogypsum: the …
We evaluated the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide into the phosphogypsum from the Lowveld region of South Africa. The phosphogypsum was converted to saleable ammonium sulphate and precipitated calcium carbonate in a modified Merseburg process. The heat from the ammonium carbonate formation …
Phosphogypsum Two-Step Ammonia-Carbonation Resulting in Ammonium
We describe herein a detailed study on the effect of molar ratio MR = n(OH−)/n(Ca2+) on the Phosphogypsum (PG) waste ammonia-carbonation process. The use of an aqueous NH3 solution/gaseous CO2 mixture as an alternative and environmental medium compared with other mediums [(NH4)2CO3 for example] is proposed for CO2 …
Utilization of natural gypsum for the preparation of ammonium sulfate
Ammonium sulfate is used as a fertilizer because it supplies nitrogen and sulfur for plant nutrients. It can be obtained by three processes: as recovery from coke oven, a by-product from caprolactum and gypsum process. Natural gypsum fulfills the demands of the cement industries and is used by farmers as a direct fertilizer for reconditioning of …
Merseburg | PDF | Calcite | Greenhouse Gas
gypsum, the modified Merseburg process ammonium sul-phate and PCC are given in Table 5. Low levels of lead and arsenic are observed in the phosphogypsum. These heavy metals partition during …
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum.
FGD-gypsum from Abbott power plant was used. The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake (98.36% gypsum and < 0.01% CaSO{sub 3}). Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production.
Process Review on Ammono-Carbonation Reactions: …
FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseburg Process is used to produce ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. This study focuses on a brief …
XRD Patterns of (NH4)2SO4 prepared from the PG (a
Although an ammonium sulphate production is foreseen with the evaluation of carbon dioxide and phosphogypsum waste with the Merseburg process, the effect of the impurity content of the waste ...
Merseburg Process
posted on 7-9-2012 at 08:49. Merseburg Process. In light of all of the copper sulfate and sulfuric acid synthesis question threads, I was thinking that a discussion of a kitchen-friendly version of the Merseburg Process (or rather, the Ammonium Carbonate-Gypsum Process) would be in order. Merseburg Process: (NH4)2CO3 + CaSO4 --> …
A Review on Ammono-Carbonation Reactions: …
Ammono-carbonation reaction of any kind of gypsum (pure, PG or FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseburg Process is used to produce ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM GYPSUM
OF THE DISCLOSURE Ammonium sulfate is manufactured from gypsum by a 15 continuous process in which an aqueous flow of material is continously recycled along a predetermined closed cir cuit defined by a conduit and a wider vessel connected in series. A fresh aqueous gypsum slurry comprising a dis persion of finely divided gypsum in an …
Focusing on the Merseburg process: benefits on industrial
In this manner, the Merseburg process (the ammono-carbonation of gypsum) allows both CO 2 capture and PG recycling. Products are ammonium sulfate, …
Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste
The obtained precipitate is the highly purified phosphogypsum which is used to obtain the highly purified ammonium sulfate fertilizer, the preparation of ammonium sulfate process is applied using the suspended of 500 g purified phosphogypsum which is contained 410.6 g calcium sulfate in 2 L of 3% ammonium sulfate solution (as initiator), …