(PDF) BlueMetals Technology -New Milestone in WEEE recycling …
The T op Blow Rotary Converter (TBRC) For a further processing of the copper alloy a tailor-made top blown rotary converter (TBRC) as a converting and refining unit is a pplied.
What causes cars to shoot flames from their tailpipes
The heat of the exhaust causes it to keep combusting and spooling up the turbine so your engine receives a constant boost. The flames from that combustion outside the engine come out of your ...
Converter Steelmaking
The process is known as top-blown rotary converter. Air or air–oxygen mixture was blown through an inclined water-cooled lance onto the bath surface. Copper converting was performed as a batch process in two stages, slag blow and blister blow. ... In the oxygen converter, blow temperature of the iron melt increases from 1200–1300 …
Research Summary Processing Precious Metals in a Top …
submerged-arc electric furnace and top-blown rotary converter. The conversion of high iron electric furnace mattes was achieved with apparent oxygen efficiencies in excess of 100 percent. Platinum and palladium re coveries averaged 99 percent, and copper and nickel recoveries were 94 percent. concentrate dust ----, flux -----'
Oxygen Pyrometallurgy at Copper Cliff
The oxygen top-blown rotary converter in action at Inco's Copper Cliff nickel refinery. ... Each of two blow-tank conveying systems is connected to a single tuyere and injects chalcocite at a rate of 25 t/h. Dusting rate is about 1%, and oxygen efficiency is …
Smelting Temperature
A top-blown rotary converter (TBRC) is also used for both smelting reduction and fuming. Overall tin recovery in smelting may exceed 97%. ... the quality of oxygen converter steel is high, but the cost is a little higher. 2 Siemens-Martin Steel. The process of Siemens-Martin steel is to use solid or fluid pig iron, ore or waste steel as the raw ...
Influence of bottom blowing oxygen on dust emission in …
mixture of oxygen and water vapor into a furnace through a top blowing oxygen lance. With 10% volume ratio of water vapor in the mixture, the average reduction of dust and iron loss is approximately 22.4% and 22.9%, respectively. Other scholars [15, 16] mixed CO 2 and O 2, and blew it into a converter from the top lance simultaneously. The results
Heat transfer model and cooling performance of converter oxygen …
As shown in Fig. 1, the oxygen lance nozzle is made of pristine copper with a thermal conductivity λ of 387.6 W/(m K), and the thickness of the outer wall for the nozzle is δbined with the actual blowing, the thickness of slag sticking δ s is in the range of 10–50 mm, and the thermal conductivity of steel slag λ s is in the range of 0.5–2.5 W/(m …
Converter Steelmaking
1.4.1. Introduction The basic idea of converter processes for steelmaking is to convert carbon-rich liquid hot metal from blast furnace to low-carbon steel. Various …
12.3 Primary Copper Smelting
metal", accumulates in the bottom of the converter. A final air blast ("final blow") oxidizes the copper sulfide to SO2, and blister copper forms, containing 98 to 99 percent coppers. The blister copper is removed from the converter for subsequent refining. The SO2 produced throughout the operation is vented to pollution control devices.
Kaldo converter – AmproX
Top blown rotary converter for metals. A Kaldo converter (using the Kaldo process or Stora-Kaldo process) is a rotary vessel oxygen based metal refining method. …
Treatment of anode slimes in a top blown rotary converter
A process for treating anode slimes originating from copper, lead or nickel electrorefining to recover the precious metals contained therein is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of charging the slimes into a tiltable and rotatable top blown rotary converter (TBRC), smelting the slimes in the TBRC while it is rotated on an axis inclined to the horizontal to …
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. revolving cupola. top blown converter ; ld converter ; top-blown rotary converter. converter ; steel converter ; steelmaking converter. vacuum converter. converter plant ; converter mill. slag-formation period. smoke period. converter steel ; basic oxygen converter steel …
Steelmaking Technology for the Last 100 Years: Toward Highly …
Regarding pneumatic converter operation in Japan, Yawata had operational experiences of Bessemer converter which lasted until 1927 and of 5 ton top blown converter since 1954. NKK revitalized basic Thomas converter operation in 1954 with oxygen enriched air blow.
Basic Oxygen Furnace: Most Efficient Technologies for
The primary goal in basic oxygen furnace is to remove carbon from a high-carbon iron melt to produce low-carbon steel melt. This is achieved by blowing oxygen into the iron melt. As the majority of oxygen converters is using top-blowing through a lance, mixing in the liquid iron bath remains very poor.
Copper and non-ferrous metals metals furnaces, converters …
Our top blown rotary converter (TBRC) is a general purpose unit for copper and non ferrous metallurgy. One central feature of the TBRC is its consistently high melting and refining efficiency. Typical input ma terials are copper scrap, WEEE scrap of different qualities, especially printed cir cuit boards, dust, slag, lead production al
Copper Side Blowing Furnace Smelting & Converting-Copper
Characteristics. 1. Feed material copper grade as low as 10% and moisture up to 8% can be directly smelt; 2. Up-to-date forged copper jacket guarantees high safety for furnace operation and long campaign life; 3. Continuous smelting and converting/reduction process, high automated operation, stable SO 2 content (12-18%) in off-gas in favor of ...
Steel Plants | NIPPON STEEL ENGINEERING
NIPPON STEEL ENGINEERING CO., LTD. originated from a steel manufacturing company. We draw on our substantial knowledge, technology and experience to provide high-quality, environmentally-friendly and energy-saving equipment for steel plants. Display change.
Oxygen Pyrometallurgy at Copper Cliff
Oxygen Top-Blown Rotary Converter Inco took another major stride forward in the use of tonnage oxygen to enhance heat and mass transfer in nonferrous pyrometallurgy, by …
Oxygen Steelmaking Processes
There are basically three variations of introducing oxygen gas into the liquid bath. These are shown schematically in Fig. 9.2. Each of these configurations has certain pros and cons. The most com-mon configuration is the top-blownconverter (BOF), where all of the oxygen is introduced via a water-cooled lance.
Treatment of anode slimes in a top blown rotary converter
Abstract of the Disclosure A process for treating anode slimes originating from copper, lead or nickel electrorefining to recover the precious metals contained therein is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of charging the slimes into a tiltable and rotatable top blown rotary converter (TBRC), smelting the slimes in the TBRC while it is rotated on an axis …
CN2127939Y
The utility model relates to a multi-function oxygen lance head for a small rotary furnace. A main oxygen hole is arranged on the end face of the lance head. Auxiliary oxygen holes which range from three to five and has the angle ranging from 25 DEG to 35 DEG are arranged on the side wall of the lance head. The oxygen lance has the advantages of …
Metals | Free Full-Text | Lead Recovery from a Lead Concentrate …
All utilities, such as air, oxygen, and natural gas are injected through the lance submerged in the bath. The average direct lead recovery worldwide achieved in the first quarter of 2018 was 74.4% . ... (TBRC—Top …
Post combustion in converter steelmaking
decarburization in the middle of the blow (Fig. 3). Table 2. PCR and HTE for standard Blowing Practice /4/ Mean Standard Deviation PCR(%) 16.1 1.3 HTE (%) 43.8 5.7 In the early part of the blow (0-5 min.) the PCR is high due to the low decarburization rate and a corresponding excess of oxygen. In the middle of the blow (6-14) the ...
Top Blowing Rotatory Convertor | PDF | Nickel | Platinum
Water-cooled oxygen/natural gas lance. Hood. Rotate drive motor. Thrust roller 0 1 2 m. FIGURE G.1 Sketch of top blown rotary converter in Sudbury, Canada (Wiseman, Bale, Chapman, & Martin, 1988). It operates at 14501650 C and produces about 50 tonnes of impure nickel metal in 34 h. It normally operates 18 from horizontal at ~10 rpm.
Evaluation Of The Hoboken Converter At Glogow Poland
TABLE 6. FAN DRAFT ON .INDIVIDUAL CONVERTERS IN A THREE-CONVERTER SYSTEM Blow Slag Copper Finish Other converters under blast Number 0 1 1 1 2 2 Blow" - - S C F S, C S, F - Fan draft (Nm3/min) 600 900 800 800 700 500 500 300 S = slag blow, C = copper blow, F = finish blow. 21
CN106123574A
The invention discloses a kind of oxygen blow converter and a kind of smelting process using this oxygen blow converter to realize.Being provided with fire door on the body of heater of this oxygen blow converter and for arranging the side floss hole of metal, fire door is positioned on the longitudinal axis of body of heater, and side floss hole is …
Development and Prospects of Refining Techniques in …
The first trial of the LD converter (oxygen top-blowing converter) was conducted with a 2 t-scale furnace in 1949, and a 30 t-scale converter was put into operation at VOEST) in Linz, Austria in November 1952, followed by a unit of the same scale at OEAMG in Donawitz about a half a year later. 44) (The name "LD converter" is derived from ...
Optimisation of the bottom blowing process for a 200 t converter
ABSTRACT In the converter steelmaking process, bottom blowing stirring is essential for the molten pool mixing effect of the top-bottom combined blown converter. In this study, ANSYS FLUENT19.3 commercial software is used to investigate the effect of bottom blow nozzle flow and arrangement on kinetic conditions of the converter by …