Production problems
When water underlies an oil column or a gas cap exists above, the phenomenon of coning can occur when the oil is produced. Muskat noted that coning is most likely to occur when a wellbore only …
Experimental Study of the Contamination Effects of Gachsaran Formation
2.1. Drilling Fluid Design for Salty Layers Containing High-Pressure Formation Fluid. Gypsum tends to become dehydrated at elevated pressure and temperature, thereby releasing water upon transformation to basanite or anhydrite (CaSO 4). As an impermeable and compact evaporite, anhydrate can keep up with the excessive pressure of the …
Barite : Properties, Formation, Uses and Mining Localities
Chemical Manufacturing: Barite is used as a source of barium in the production of various chemicals, including barium carbonate, barium chloride, and barium hydroxide. 9. Cement Industry: Cement Additive: In some cement formulations, barite is used as a mineral additive to increase density and improve drilling performance in oil …
Identification and evaluation of well integrity and
CO 2 has a tendency to migrate through natural fractures and defects prevailing in the cement due to operational pressure and temperature fluctuations, shrinkage during hydration, mechanical shock from pipe movements, solid cuttings and drilling fluid residuals in the cement, and poor cementing jobs. Also, the prevailing …
(PDF) Warning Signs of High-Pressure Formations of
cuttings, which are suspended particles that enter the well due to increased pressure, this pressure is not suitable for calculating the exact value to increase the density of drilled mud. 2.2.2.
Analysis and Research on Borehole Shrinkage
Composite salt rocks in the oil filed present a prominent nature of rheology in HTHP (high-temperature and high-pressure) conditions (Figure 1); therefore, if drilling fluid properties are improper during drilling, downhole accidents such as borehole shrinkage, bit sticking, and borehole wall collapse may occur in a very short period.The pressure …
Cement Boards 101
Significant savings can be gained through the use of cement board despite the initially higher cost when compared to gypsum wallboard due to its increased longevity. Fibre Cement Board (FCB) Fibre cement board (FCB) has been used since the 1900s when Ludwig Hatschek first combined 90% cement and 10% asbestos fibres with water.
Common Drilling well problems (Reasons, indications, mitigation …
When drilling fluid' s hydrostatic pressure is too low to maintain the structural integrity of the drilled hole, well may collapse. Associated problems are pipe sticking and, in extreme cases, loss
Chemicals Used in Oil-Field Operations
to the surface, and control formation pressure reducing pressure surges up the wellbore (thereby reducing the possibility of blowouts). By cooling the drill bit and removing the cuttings from the bottom of the well bore, the rate of drilling can be increased. The drilling fluid is designed to be thixotropic i.e., have high
Fluids | Free Full-Text | Barite-Free Muds for Drilling …
This paper discusses problems associated with water-based drilling fluids used for drilling formations with abnormally high pressure. The available solutions are suitable for a narrow range of applications, …
Analysis of the External Pressure on Casings Induced by Salt …
This model has been successfully applied to analyze the external pressure on curved casings in a build-up section for horizontal wells drilled through salt-gypsum …
Improving drilling hydraulics estimations-a case study
If a significant pressure increase is observed, it may be due to nozzle plugging. If a small increase in SPP is observed, it may be due to tight holes. Therefore, …
Processes | Free Full-Text | Warning Signs of High-Pressure
In this article, we describe the use of modern drilling technology and sophisticated software that displays the current status inside the well. These can reveal …
Clay minerals damage quantification in sandstone rocks using …
The pressure drop was also increased from 10 to 70 psi for sample BR1. Both permeability reduction and increase in the pressure drop indicates the formation damage. The increase in the pressure drop and permeability reduction of BR1 due to injection of fresh water can be attributed to the solid migration that resulted from the …
(PDF) DRILLING MANPOWER AND EQUIPMENT TRANSFER …
Reservoir pressure i n oil and gas drilling c an be v ery high due to compaction effects, diagenetic e ffects, differential density effects and fluid migration
Drilling muds
Inhibited muds a. Water-based drilling muds that repress hydration of clays (lime muds, gypsum muds, sea water muds, saturated salt water muds) Low-solids muds b. Contain less than 3-6% of solids. Most contain an organic polymer. Emulsions. Oil in water and water in oil (reversed phase, with more than 5% water) OBMs.
Gypsum Products | SpringerLink
When gypsum is heated at about 150–160 °C, it loses approximately three-quarters of its water in a partial dehydration process and becomes hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO 4 •½H 2 O) or calcined gypsum; it is also known as beta gypsum (alpha gypsum is made by processing batches of gypsum under elevated pressure). Calcined gypsum or …
The impact of overbalance pressure on the alteration of …
The downhole drilling environment such as overbalance pressure, temperature, exposure time, and the rock mineralogy and drilling fluid composition will …
PEH:Drilling Problems and Solutions
The most prevalent drilling problems include pipe sticking, lost circulation, hole deviation, pipe failures, borehole instability, mud contamination, formation damage, hole cleaning, H 2 S-bearing formation and shallow gas, and equipment and personnel-related problems. Understanding and anticipating drilling problems, understanding their causes ...
Horizontal Well Technology
1.6.3 Chapter 4: Advances in horizontal well drilling. Horizontal well technology is considered to be the most important innovation in drilling (Hossain and Islam, 2018). While horizontal wells have been widely implemented over the past four decades, the technology is far from being perfected, let alone sustainable.
Hydraulic Fracturing | U.S. Geological Survey
Hydraulic fracturing (informally known as hydrofracking, fracking, fracing, or hydrofracturing) is a process that typically involves injecting water, sand, and chemicals under high pressure into a bedrock formation via a well. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of ...
Drilling Fluids; Types, Formation Choice and
Drilling fluid technology is in constant evolution due to (1) rapidly expanding needs due to more severe conditions, such as high temperature and pressure, tight gas and shale-gas
Petroleum Reservoirs and Oil Production Mechanisms
where K is the effective permeability, P o is the outlet fluid pressure, P i is the inlet fluid pressure, Q is the flow rate, μ is the fluid viscosity, L is the tube length, and A is the cross-sectional area.. The permeability of petroleum reservoirs ranges from 0.1 to more than 1000 mD. A petroleum reservoir is graded to be poor, fair, moderate, good, and very …
Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas well drilling
The managed pressure drilling accuracy reached 0.2 MPa, having a significant effect on improving the safety, quality, efficiency and benefit of drilling and …
Oil Well Cementing
15.6.6.3 New oil well cementing compositions. Rapid hardening sulphate resisting cements from Portland cement, gypsum and additives can be developed for cementing oil wells at − 5°C to 20°C. The maximum sulphate resistance was attained for mortars based on Portland cement containing < 60% C 3 S and < 8% C 3 A.
(PDF) Drilling Fluid and Cement Slurry Design for
pressure drilling method, a drilling rig must be equipped with additional equipment like a rotating control device (RCD), a non-return valve (NR V), chock gates, sliding plates,
The Effect Of Gypsum On Drilling Mud Density
This pressure control is of course due to the pressure exerted by the drilling fluid which may be expressed as (6.13) pm = ^ X 0.433 D = 0.052PmD where pm …
Petroleum geology features and research developments of
First, the drilling depth continues to increase, the maximum being deeper than 10,000 m, as exemplified by the deepest well with 12,200m drilling depth, SG-3 exploratory well. The deepest oil reservoir discovered so far is the Tiber clastic rock oil reservoir (1,259 m underwater and 8,740 m underground).
Research and Application of High-Density Cementing Slurry
In view of the geological characteristics of high pressure in salt-gypsum formation of deep wells in Tarim Piedmont structure, high-density oil-based drilling fluids are widely used, which makes it difficult for subsequent cementing work. In order to solve the technical difficulties of cementing high-density oil-based drilling fluid and salt-gypsum …
Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior and …
In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of the underground space formed by gypsum mining, with the core goal of building an oil storage depot in the gypsum mine goaf, the designed rock infiltration loading device was used to prepare gypsum rock samples immersed in oil for 0, 15, and 30 days for rock mechanics experiments. The …