pellet car grate bar material composition

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(PDF) Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate Bars …

The study also includes laboratory corrosion simulation tests on fresh grate bar samples using 1M Na2SO4 solution, 1M NH4Cl solution and water associated with coal tar used in pellet plant. Failed ...

Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in straight …

A mathematical model of pellet induration process in the straight-grate system is presented. The important physical and chemical phenomena known to affect the …

Chemical Specification of Commonly Cast Heat Resistant Alloys

Suitable for applications upto 1100 o C for furnace parts such as grates, etc. with increased ductility. HRCS ... Wear plates and bars, bushes & sleeves for operation in hot & corrosive atmosphere, where lubrication is impossible, with superior performance. Similar to Stellite:

Scheme of gas flow among the pellets distributed in the furnace …

Download scientific diagram | Scheme of gas flow among the pellets distributed in the furnace bed. from publication: Study of the induration phenomena in single pellet to traveling grate furnace ...

(PDF) Virtual indurator: A tool for simulation of induration of wet

The paper presents a software that allows one to simulate the traveling grate furnace, evaluating product and process characteristics. The simulation follows a deterministic, fundamental-based mathematical model of the TGF, which considers the gas network, predicts pellet properties and energy consumption and productivity ofthe process.

Pallet Car

Pallet cars are a key feature in our traveling grate technology used for sintering and pelletizing. They are exposed to extreme conditions and material wear from thermal and mechanical stress, and their robust design ensures extended service life as well as reliable and safe operation for high process availability.

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate Bars …

The grate bars used in the pellet plants are usually made up of high-chromium–high-nickel as-cast stainless steel. These are used in the induration furnace due to their useful …

Pelletizing Process

a straight grate system. Raw material Balling disc Green ball Comments Straight-Grate Grate-Kiln-Cooler No. Items Pellet quality 1 Grate-Kiln-Cooler process enables all pellets to be uniformly and adequately heat-hardened by tumbling action and be held at the peak temperature for longer period than in Straight-Grate. a) Uniformity

Review on mathematical models for travelling-grate iron oxide pellet

Hasenack et al. [4] recognized the necessity to account for losses to the grate bars and pellet cars, whilst these were not implemented into the model. Thurlby [6] uses a two-layer domain for calculating the heat transferred to the grate bars, but use the same heat transfer coefficient and surface area for the pellet bed.

Wood pellets transport with vibrating conveyor: experimental

Materials. Pellets from spruce wood with a diameter of 6 mm were used in this study. These are commercially available pellets designated as Top A1 from Biomac Ltd.

Review on mathematical models for travelling-grate iron oxide …

Iron oxide pellets are currently one of the main feedstocks in iron-making processes, and increasing over the years. They are mostly produced in moving-grate …

NextGen Pelletizing

offers the industry's leading induration technology for iron ore pellet processing, which is based. on over 60 years of experience and world-class R&D. This process produces pellets with excellent physical and metallurgical properties for a wide range of plant capacities up to >9 Mtpa.

(PDF) Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of …

Stainless steel grate bars are one of the important components of pallet cars used in straight grate iron ore pelletizing plant. Their service life has a major influence on plant productivity...

Schematic of the straight grate pelletizing process.

SG process consists of a single furnace which encloses an endless chain of pallet cars ( Figure 5).At the feed end of the furnace, a small layer of indurated pellets known as the hearth layer is ...

Experimental and numerical investigation of the bulk

15 movable vertically aligned polypropylene bars each with a base area of 300mm × 20mm agitate the pellet shaped material. The wood pellets are dyed in green, yellow and red. The particles on the model type grate consist to one-third of green particles in the lowermost layer, followed by one-third of yellow particles in the middle and one-third of

(PDF) Case Study of Thermal Profile Design for Traveling Grate Pellet

Thermal state of iron ore pellets in industrial traveling grate-rotary kiln process cannot be revealed straightforward, which is unfavorable for field operations. In this study, coupled predictive ...

Sigma phase embrittlement-induced failures of heat

In another independent study, Sekhar et al. proposed that iron pellet grate bars failed owing to intergranular corrosion attack predominantly due to the high concentration of chloride ions originating from the raw materials as well as the usage of coal tar water in the induration furnace [21]. Moreover, the presence of alkali and sulphate …

Influence of particle diameter and material properties on mixing of

Grates are able to burn a broad range of fuels with only little or even no requirement for fuel preparation [1], [2]. Depending on the grate type the solid material is transported by a conveyor belt (travelling grate), by moving bars (forward-acting, reverse-acting grate) or by rotating rollers (roller grate).

Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in straight-grate

The role of the heart layer pellets is to act as a neutral heat absorbing media and protect the grate bars from excessive gas temperatures. The induration process in travelling grate typically consists of four distinct phases: drying, preheating, firing, and cooling. The first stage of drying is updraft to prevent condensation of water and ...

Study of the induration phenomena in single pellet to …

Abstract and Figures. The process for pelletizing iron ore fines is an important operation unit for producing high quality of raw materials for the subsequent reduction processes such as blast ...

Experimental and numerical investigation of the bulk

Pellet shaped particles are fed into a container (width: 320 mm, depth: 302.5 mm) forming a 100 mm thick layer enclosed through transparent polycarbonate walls. From the bottom 15 movable vertically aligned polypropylene bars each with a base area of 300 mm (times ) 20 mm agitate the pellet shaped material. The wood pellets are dyed in …

Grate-bars

The main requirements to the rational form of grate-bars are the following: heat-transport surfaces developed enough, good streamlining, right distribution of an open grate area, which provides a homogeneous air supply in separate zones of the grate. The grate-bar material shall be highly wear-resistant, because grate-bars operate under the …

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate Bars …

along with a certain amount of ﬂuxing materials (5-10%), binder (0.4-0.8%) and solid carbonaceous fuel (such as ... sidewalls and bottom grate bars of an individual pallet car from excess heat exposure. ... during the pellet making operation. The grate bars used in the pellet plants are usually made up of high-chromium–high-nickel as-cast ...

Research on Mechanism of Ring Formation in Grate-Kiln of

Table 2 Chemical composition and particle size of materials (mass %) ... Study of mechanism on ring formation in grate-kiln of acid pellet. Iron Steel 43(3):15–20. CAS Google Scholar Si J, Jia Y, Liu J (2014) Structure of rings and ring-forming mechanism of rotary pelletizing kiln 49(1):17–21. CAS Google ...

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate Bars Used …

The composition of the grate bar used in the pellet plant is provided in Table 5. The composition of grate bars matched with IS-4522: Grade 7 of cast steels with slightly high-silicon and low-molybdenum content. As reported, the composition of IS-4522: Grade 7 cast steel, presented in Table 5, provides …

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