Permissible Levels of Chlorides and Sulfates in Aggregate
The report lists chloride and sulfate content, but I don't know how to evaluate these numbers because ASTM C 33, "Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates," doesn't give limits for them. Where can I get information about permissible levels of …
Deterioration Process of Concrete Exposed to Internal Sulfate Attack
SO 4 2− dissolved more easily when the particle size of aggregate was smaller. When the SO 3 content in the sand was less than 1.5% at 56 days, all the gypsum was dissolved. That was the reason why the expansion of specimens with a smaller SO 3 content (1.25% for fine aggregate and 3% for coarse aggregate) was not significant.
(PDF) Innovative solutions for the use of high sulfate content
The leaching test results following the NF EN 12457-2 standard (24 h in batch) given in Table 6 showed that only sulfates (1500 ppm) were exceeding the inert …
Overview of Concrete Deterioration Due to Sulphate Attack and
The maximum allowable w/c ratio, minimum cement or combination content, and indicative strength are also specified in Tables A.4 and A.5. Furthermore, the standard considered the source of sulphate attack from a concrete constituent: aggregate. Sulphate in aggregate (A.7.5) and Alkali-aggregate reaction (A.8.2) (British Standards Institution ...
Discussion and experiments on the limits of chloride, sulphate …
The content of chloride and sulfate in marginal aggregates presents a broad range. Previous research [20, 23, 25,32] reports values ranging between 0.1 % and 1.9 % for chloride ions and between 0. ...
Performance of self-compacting concrete incorporating recycled concrete
Siliceous sand with a specific gravity of 2.56 and water absorption of 0.4% was used as a fine aggregate. A polycarboxylate-based high range water reducing admixture (HRWR) conforming to ASTM C494 [20] standard type F was also added to the mixtures. The solids content and specific gravity of the HRWR were 42% and 1.05.
STANDARD RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR …
Soil cement - Stabilized soil in which the coarse aggregate, sand size and larger, is surrounded and bonded by a matrix of cement paste and fine soil particles. ... Sulfate contents in soil should be determined in accordance with AASHTO T 290 (modified) test method or equivalent test methods.
Polymers | Free Full-Text | Sulphate Corrosion Mechanism of
The lack of river sand is becoming increasingly serious. In this study, we consider how to use sea sand to prepare innovative construction and building materials with excellent mechanical and durability properties. Sulphate corrosion causes expansion, cracking and spalling of concrete, resulting in the reduction or even loss of concrete …
The combined effect of chlorides and sulphates present in
Abstract. The combined effect of sulphates present in aggregates and high levels of chloride ions in the mixing water on some properties of concrete was studied. Different …
RWANDA STANDARD 373
The acid-soluble sulphate content of coarse recycled aggregate shall not exceed 1% by mass. The total sulphur content of natural aggregates shall not exceed 1% by mass. When required the water-soluble chloride ion content of aggregates for concrete shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C 1524.
Limiting total internal sulphates in 15–75 MPa concrete in
graded aggregate (especially sand), with acceptable sulphate content that can be used in concrete. In order to control internal sulphate attack in concrete, international standards limited the sulphates either as percentage of SO 3 ion by weight of aggregate, or as total SO 3in the concrete mix by weight of cement. But still a third group did ...
The Impact of Chloride and Sulphate Aggressiveness on the
The free chloride content in non-carbonated concrete amounts from 5% to 23% of their total content and depends on, e.g., cement type, used additives, etc. Chloride corrosion is supported by sulphate aggression, leading to Friedel's salt decomposition and chloride ion release. The decrease in pH, associated with the carbonation of cured ...
Permissible Levels of Chlorides and Sulfates in Aggregate
For the SO3 limit, 0.4% SO3 by weight of concrete may be equivalent to about 3% by weight of cement, doubling the equivalent SO3 in the portland cement and effectively surpassing any ASTM C 150 limit. For U.S. designers, call on your friendly cement chemist for advice. Mine is: It depends on the type of chloride and sulfate in the aggregate, so ...
DEF damage in heat cured mortars made of recycled concrete sand aggregate
Sodium sulphate was used in three formulations at 5% of total SO 3 by cement weight, while gypsum plaster powder was used in four formulations with two different fineness (<0.1 mm and 0.1–2 mm) and contents (1.2% and 0.8% of sulphate content in sand) to simulate a scenario of recycled aggregate pollution by gypsum plaster during …
Aggregates for Concrete
aggregates cannot be overemphasized. The fine and coarse aggregates generally occupy 60% to 75% of the concrete volume (70% to 85% by mass) and strongly influ-ence the concrete's freshly mixed and hardened proper-ties, mixture proportions, and economy. Fine aggregates (Fig. 5-1) generally consist of natural sand or crushed
Sulphate Content
Enter the test data in the data entry fields on the Sulphate_Content (lower) table for each specimen and when you change table or select save, the values will be calculated automatically and the result will be displayed in the calculated fields. The following examples show the required fields in the lower table for each selected standard.
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND …
maximum acid-soluble sulfate (0.2 %SO42-) stipulated for aggregates whilst the average range is over twice the tolerance. 1 .5 Comparative testing rationale Gravimetry is potentially unsuitable for accurate determination of acid-soluble sulfate contents of ≤0.2 %SO42-. This study (fully documented in the unpublished PhD thesis of St John
(PDF) QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF FINE AGGREGATE …
Sampling of fine aggregate (sand) from four quarries in Al-Najaf Alashraf [(Syd Ali (S1), Wilaya Ali (S2), Syd Ahmed (S3) and Muhand Al-Khiat (S4)]. ... was the most fine with accepted sulphate ...
Characterization and quantification of groundwater sulfate …
Also shown are ranges of isotopic composition of sulfate from different sources (Krouse and Mayer, 1999). The diamond represents the isotopic composition of …
SIGNIFICANCE OF SOUNDNESS TESTS OF AGGREGATES
The testing oi aggregates for sound ness by sodium sulphate, magnesium sul phate or by freezing and thawing is a timely subject. Correlation of laboratory tests with the performance of aggregates in service requires years of experience and study. For over 20 years a study dealing with the soundness of aggregates
Sampling Evaluation of Sand and Granite
1.1 BCA has adopted a three-stage testing regime on imported sand and granite to determine whether the material is of acceptable quality for use in any building works, street works or railway works as follows: ... Sulphate content of the aggregates and filler aggregates for concrete ≤ 0.8 % by mass for aggregates other than air-cooled blast ...
Analysis of total chloride content in concrete
It can be seen in Fig. 1 that the BS 8500 (BS 8500-1, 2006) total chloride limit for reinforced concrete that is non-heat curing and made with sulphate resistance cement (0.2) is nearly violated at mix M4 (w/c = 0.48) even though the chloride content is less than BS 882 (BS 882, 1992) standardized limits for aggregate and ASTM C 94 (ASTM C 94 ...
Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates
🕑 Reading time: 1 minuteQuantities of materials for concrete such as cement, sand and aggregates for production of required quantity of concrete of given mix proportions such as 1:2:4 (M15), 1:1.5: 3 (M20), 1:1:2 (M25) can be calculated by absolute volume method. This method is based on the principle that the volume of fully compacted […]
Reactions of Aggregates Involving Solubility, Oxidation, …
Water-soluble materials in natural aggregates most commonly occur as coatings on the particles. Such coatings form at or near the ground water table in the deposit or, in arid areas, near the surface of the ground in the zone of soil moisture. A deposit may contain several zones of coated sand and gravel as a result of fluctuation
Solving high sulfate content of sand used in concrete by magnetic water
The treatment process of 1 kg sand with (SO 3 = 3%) needs (8 L) of magnetized water (intensity of 9000 Gauss)and the required magnetized water reduced with less sulfate content in sand. Al-Obaidi A [20] studied the concrete mixes with sulfate content of (1.5 and 3) % for sand, the result shows an increase in compressive strength …
Effects of seawater and undesalted sea sand on the hydration …
The chemical composition of sea sand and river sand is displayed in Table 3. The main mineralogical component of unwashed sea sand and river sand was quartz. No chloride salt was found in the river sand, while the weight percentage of Cl − ion and sulphate ions in unwashed sea sand was around 0.83% and 0.09%, respectively. The …
D2216 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of …
1.4 The term "solid material" as used in geotechnical engineering is typically assumed to mean naturally occurring mineral particles of soil and rock that are not readily soluble in water. Therefore, the water content of materials containing extraneous matter (such as cement etc.) may require special treatment or a qualified definition of water …
Full article: Properties of concrete containing fly ash and bottom …
It can be observed from the figure that, for C4F0B specimens where sand is completely replaced by fly ash as fine aggregate, 290.7 litres of water were required to obtain a slump value of 76 mm. Concrete mix designations C2F2B where 50% fly ash and 50% bottom ash mixture is used as fine aggregate showed a slump value of 78 mm for …
Clay, Aggregate and Concrete
the quality of fine aggregate. Sand Equivalent and Loss by Decantation Tests The sand equivalent (Tex-203-F) and loss by decan tation (Tex-406-A) test methods used in this program are given in the Appendix. The sand equivalent test was developed by F. N. Hveem while he was serving as Materials and Research
Limiting total internal sulphates in 15–75 MPa concrete in
Sand contaminated with sulphates is a local problem in the Middle East Area. It is difficult to obtain well graded sand with sulphate content within the limits …